Endophthalmitis, Prevention and Treatment
نویسندگان
چکیده
Endophthalmitis is a devastating eye condition that can lead to permanent visual loss or even loss of the eye. It can occur from an immune mediated response to an antigen (sterile endophthalmitis) or most commonly from an infectious cause. Infectious endophthalmitis can be classified broadly into endogenous and exogenous. Endogenous endophthalmitis occurs from hematological spread in the setting of bacteremia or fungemia and is seen in the setting of immunosuppression, intravenous drug use, chronic indwelling urinary catheterization or remote infection. Exogenous endophthalmitis refers to an intraocular infection caused by the introduction of organisms from the external environment. This can occur in the setting of trauma (traumatic endophthalmitis) or surgery (acute & chronic postoperative endophthalmitis, filtering bleb-associated, intravitreal injections and secondary to extension of infection). Acute postoperative endophthalmitis can occur following any surgery that involves penetration of the eye including cataract, glaucoma, corneal and vitrectomy surgery. Endophthalmitis has also been reported in external ocular surgeries such as strabismus and scleral buckle surgery. These are probably associated with inadvertent perforation, infected explant material, and intraocular spread of external pathogens. Table 1 describes a classification for endophthalmitis. This chapter will be limited to exogenous endophthalmitis.
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